support-giving strategies

• Solve ---  involves approaching the problem and offering instrumental aid
• solace --- involves attempting to deal directly with the emotional aspects of the stressful situation by providing such things as reassurance and empathic remarks
• dismiss --- involves minimizing the importance of the problem or avoiding it by changing the topic
• escape --- involves avoiding the emotional aspects of the stressful situation by acting distracted or ignoring the support seeker's emotional displays

(a) responsiveness, which was the sum of listening, understanding, and support effort(b) negative support, which was the sum of dismiss, escape, and blame