self in sufism (Islam)

Chaudhury, H. (1999). Self and Reminiscence of Place: A Conceptual Study. Journal of Aging and Identity, 4(4), 231-253.

In Sufism, just as in some other East Asian philosophies (e.g., Taoism and Buddhism), there is no state of duality between the individual self and the Universal Self, due to the dominating idea of the Unity of Existence. This being the case, the doctrine of the Unity of Existence promotes the idea of Many as One and One as Many. This leads in turn to the negation of the dualism between the ego-substance and other, external, substantial objects. Accordingly, man conceives of himself as an unseparated part of "other-than-self" and, thus, does not recognize any duality between his "own" self and others' selves.

Lewin, F. A. (2000). Development Towards Wisdom and Maturity: Sufi Conception of Self. Journal of Aging and Identity, 5(3), 137-149